DNS Server Installation Step by Step Using CentOS 6.5/6.4/6.3

By
SK

DNS, Domain Name System, translates hostnames or URLs into IP addresses. For example if we type www.unixmen.com in browser, the DNS server translates the domain name into its associated ip address. Since the IP addresses are hard to remember, DNS servers are used to translate the hostnames like www.unixmen.com to 173.xxx.xx.xxx. So it makes easy to remember the domain names instead of its IP address.

DNS Server Installation in CentOS 6.5/6.4/6.3

Scenario

 

Primary(Master) DNS Server Details:

Operating System     : CentOS 6.5 server
Hostname             : masterdns.unixmen.local
IP Address           : 192.168.1.100/24

Secondary(Slave) DNS Server Details:

Operating System     : CentOS 6.5 server
Hostname             : secondarydns.unixmen.local
IP Address           : 192.168.1.101/24

Client Details:

Operating System     : CentOS 6.5 Desktop  
Hostname             : Client.unixmen.local
IP Address           : 192.168.1.102/24

Setup Primary(Master) DNS Server

[[email protected] ~]# yum install bind* -y

1. Configure DNS Server

Add the lines as shown below in ‘/etc/named.conf’ file

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/named.conf 
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.1.100; }; ### Master DNS IP ###
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query     { localhost; 192.168.1.0/24; }; ### IP Range ### 
allow-transfer{ localhost; 192.168.1.101; };   ### Slave DNS IP ###
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone"unixmen.local" IN {
type master;
file "forward.unixmen";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone"1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "reverse.unixmen";
allow-update { none; };
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";

2. Create Zone files

Create forward and reverse zone files which we mentioned in the ‘/etc/named.conf’ file.

2.1 Create Forward Zone

Create forward.unixmen file in the ‘/var/named’ directory.

[[email protected] ~]# vi /var/named/forward.unixmen
$TTL 86400
@   IN  SOA     masterdns.unixmen.local. root.unixmen.local. (
        2011071001  ;Serial
        3600        ;Refresh
        1800        ;Retry
        604800      ;Expire
        86400       ;Minimum TTL
)
@       IN  NS          masterdns.unixmen.local.
@       IN  NS          secondarydns.unixmen.local.
@       IN  A           192.168.1.100
@       IN  A           192.168.1.101
@       IN  A           192.168.1.102
masterdns       IN  A   192.168.1.100
secondarydns    IN  A   192.168.1.101
client          IN  A   192.168.1.102

2.2 Create Reverse Zone

Create reverse.unixmen file in the ‘/var/named’ directory.

[[email protected] ~]# vi /var/named/reverse.unixmen 
$TTL 86400
@   IN  SOA     masterdns.unixmen.local. root.unixmen.local. (
        2011071001  ;Serial
        3600        ;Refresh
        1800        ;Retry
        604800      ;Expire
        86400       ;Minimum TTL
)
@       IN  NS          masterdns.unixmen.local.
@       IN  NS          secondarydns.unixmen.local.
@       IN  PTR         unixmen.local.
masterdns       IN  A   192.168.1.100
secondarydns    IN  A   192.168.1.101
client          IN  A   192.168.1.102
100     IN  PTR         masterdns.unixmen.local.
101     IN  PTR         secondarydns.unixmen.local.
102     IN  PTR         client.unixmen.local.

3. Start the DNS service

[[email protected] ~]# service named start
Starting named:                                            [  OK  ]
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig named on

4. Adjust iptables to allow DNS server from outside of the network

Add the lines as shown below in ‘/etc/sysconfig/iptables’ file.

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT

5. Restart iptables

[[email protected] ~]# service iptables restart
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
iptables: Applying firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]

6. Test DNS configuration and zone files for any syntax errors

[[email protected] ~]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf 
[[email protected] ~]# named-checkzone unixmen.local /var/named/forward.unixmen 
zone unixmen.local/IN: loaded serial 2011071001
OK
[[email protected] ~]# named-checkzone unixmen.local /var/named/reverse.unixmen 
zone unixmen.local/IN: loaded serial 2011071001
OK

7. Test DNS Server

[[email protected] ~]# dig masterdns.unixmen.local
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.6 <<>> masterdns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 49834
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;masterdns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.100
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local. 86400 INA192.168.1.101
;; Query time: 6 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#53(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  7 13:07:56 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 114
[[email protected] ~]# nslookup unixmen.local
Server:192.168.1.100
Address:192.168.1.100#53
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.102
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.100
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.101

Now the Primary DNS server is ready to use.

Setup Secondary(Slave) DNS Server

[[email protected] ~]# yum install bind* -y

1. Configure Slave DNS Server

Open the main configuration file ‘/etc/named.conf’ and add the lines as shown below.

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/named.conf 
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.1.101; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query     { localhost; 192.168.1.0/24; };
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone"unixmen.local" IN {
type slave;
file "slaves/unixmen.fwd";
masters { 192.168.1.100; };
};
zone"1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type slave;
file "slaves/unixmen.rev";
masters { 192.168.1.100; };
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";

2. Start the DNS Service

[[email protected] ~]# service named start
Generating /etc/rndc.key:                                  [  OK  ]
Starting named:                                            [  OK  ]
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig named on

Now the forward and reverse zones are automatically replicated from Master DNS server to ‘/var/named/slaves/’ in Secondary DNS server.

[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/named/slaves/
unixmen.fwd  unixmen.rev
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/named/slaves/unixmen.fwd 
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 86400; 1 day
unixmen.localIN SOAmasterdns.unixmen.local. root.unixmen.local. (
2011071001 ; serial
3600       ; refresh (1 hour)
1800       ; retry (30 minutes)
604800     ; expire (1 week)
86400      ; minimum (1 day)
)
NS masterdns.unixmen.local.
NS secondarydns.unixmen.local.
A192.168.1.100
A192.168.1.101
A192.168.1.102
$ORIGIN unixmen.local.
clientA192.168.1.102
masterdnsA192.168.1.100
secondarydnsA192.168.1.101
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/named/slaves/unixmen.rev 
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 86400; 1 day
1.168.192.in-addr.arpaIN SOAmasterdns.unixmen.local. root.unixmen.local. (
2011071001 ; serial
3600       ; refresh (1 hour)
1800       ; retry (30 minutes)
604800     ; expire (1 week)
86400      ; minimum (1 day)
)
NS masterdns.unixmen.local.
NS secondarydns.unixmen.local.
PTRunixmen.local.
$ORIGIN 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
100PTRmasterdns.unixmen.local.
101PTRsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
102PTRclient.unixmen.local.
clientA192.168.1.102
masterdnsA192.168.1.100
secondarydnsA192.168.1.101

3. Add the DNS Server details to all systems

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search ostechnix.com
nameserver 192.168.1.100
nameserver 192.168.1.101
nameserver 8.8.8.8

4. Test DNS Server

[[email protected] ~]# dig masterdns.unixmen.local
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.6 <<>> masterdns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 21487
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;masterdns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.100
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local. 86400 INA192.168.1.101
;; Query time: 15 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#53(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  7 13:27:57 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 114
[[email protected] ~]# dig secondarydns.unixmen.local
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.6 <<>> secondarydns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20958
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;secondarydns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local. 86400 INA192.168.1.101
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.100
;; Query time: 4 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#53(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  7 13:31:53 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 114
[[email protected] ~]# nslookup unixmen.local
Server:192.168.1.100
Address:192.168.1.100#53
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.101
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.102
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.100

Client Side Configuration

Add the DNS server details in ‘/etc/resolv.conf’ file in all client systems

[[email protected] unixmen]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search unixmen.local
nameserver 192.168.1.100
nameserver 192.168.1.101
nameserver 8.8.8.8

Test DNS Server

[[email protected] unixmen]# dig masterdns.unixmen.local
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> masterdns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19496
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;masterdns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.100
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local. 86400 INA192.168.1.101
;; Query time: 30 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#53(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  7 13:47:55 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 114
[[email protected] unixmen]# dig secondarydns.unixmen.local
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> secondarydns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14852
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;secondarydns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local. 86400 INA192.168.1.101
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.100
;; Query time: 8 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#53(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  7 13:48:38 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 114
[[email protected] unixmen]# dig client.unixmen.local
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> client.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14604
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;client.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
client.unixmen.local.86400INA192.168.1.102
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.100
secondarydns.unixmen.local. 86400 INA192.168.1.101
;; Query time: 5 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#53(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  7 13:49:11 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 137
[[email protected] unixmen]# nslookup unixmen.local
Server:192.168.1.100
Address:192.168.1.100#53
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.102
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.100
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.101

Now the primary and secondary DNS servers are ready.

If you want to setup DNS server on CentOS 7, check the following link.

If you want to setup DNS server on Ubuntu systems, check the following link.